| Description | Somatostatin (SST), also known as somatotropin release-inhibiting factor (SRIF), is a hypothalamic hormone, a pancreatic hormone, and a central and peripheral neurotransmitter. Somatostatin has a wide distribution throughout the central nervous system (CNS) as well as in peripheral tissues, for example in the pituitary, pancreas and stomach. The various actions of somatostatin are mediated by a family of rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptors, which comprise of five distinct subtypes: Somatostatin receptor 1 (SSTR1), Somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2), Somatostatin receptor 3 (SSTR3), Somatostatin receptor 4 (SSTR4) and Somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) [ , , ]. These subtypes are widely expressed in many tissues [, , , , , ], and frequently multiple subtypes coexist in the same cell []. The somatostatin receptor subtypes also share common signalling pathways, such as the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase [, ], activation of phosphotyrosine phosphatase (PTP), and modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) through G protein-dependent mechanisms. Some of the subtypes are also coupled to inward rectifying K+ channels (SSTR2, SSTR3, SSTR4, SSTR5) [, ], to voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (SSTR1, SSTR2) [], to an Na+/H+ exchanger (SSTR1), AMPA/kainate glutamate channels (SSTR1, SSTR2), phospholipase C (SSTR2, SSTR5), and phospholipase A2 (SSTR4) [].This entry represents SST5R. It is expressed in range of tissues including the small intestine, heart, adrenal, cerebellum, pituitary, placenta and skeletal muscle. It is also expressed in pancreatic islets [ ], where somatostatin is a known regulator of insulin and glucagon secretion. All five human somatostatin receptors expressed in COS-7 cells have been shown to couple to activation of phosphoinositide (PI)-specific PLC-beta; and Ca2+ mobilisation via pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein(s) with an order of potency of SSTR5 >SSTR2 >SSTR3 >SSTR4 >SSTR1 [ ]. | Name | Somatostatin receptor 5 |
| Short Name | Somatstn_rcpt_5 | Type | Family |
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