| Description | This family of proteins includes variable regions of the alpha chain of T cell receptors (TRs), which are crucial for antigen recognition. These proteins are part of the alpha-beta TRs, which are antigen-specific and essential for the immune response. They are present on T lymphocytes and recognize peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMH) complexes displayed by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). The interaction between TRs and pMH complexes triggers a cascade of intracellular events, starting with the activation of LCK kinase and subsequent phosphorylation of ITAM motifs on CD3 and CD247. This leads to the recruitment and activation of ZAP70, which then phosphorylates LAT to form the LAT signalosome. The signalosome coordinates downstream signaling pathways, including calcium, MAPK kinase, and NF-kB pathways, culminating in the activation of transcription factors vital for T cell proliferation, gene expression, and differentiation. The T cell repertoire is generated through V-(D)-J rearrangement in the thymus and is further refined to ensure self-tolerance and proper immune function. | Name | T cell receptor alpha variable region |
| Short Name | TCR_alpha_variable | Type | Family |
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