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https://bar.utoronto.ca/thalemine/service/ is incorrect| Description | K+Cl- cotransporters (KCCs) belong to the SLC12 family and act as electroneutral symporters of K+ and Cl- ions across the plasma membrane [ , ]. They are major determinants of osmotic homeostasis. They are involved in the regulatory volume decrease in response to cell swelling in red blood cells, and have been proposed to play a role in the vectorial movement of Cl-across kidney epithelia. The transport process involves one for one electroneutral movement of K +together with Cl -, and, in all known mammalian cells, the net movement is outward [ ].In neurones, it appears to play a unique role in maintaining low intracellular Cl -concentration, which is required for the functioning of Cl -dependent fast synaptic inhibition, mediated by certain neurotransmitters, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine. Four isoforms of KCC have been identified: KCC1, KCC2, KCC3, and KCC4. The four KCC isoforms share a common protein structure with a central core of twelve hydrophobic transmembrane domains [ ]. Comparison of their sequences with those of other ion-transporting membrane proteins reveals that they are part of a new superfamily of cation-chloride co-transporters, which includes the Na-Cl and Na-K-2Cl co-transporters. KCC1 is widely expressed in human tissues, while KCC2 is expressed only in brain neurones, making it likely that this is the isoform responsible for maintaining low Cl-concentration in neurones [ , ]. | Name | K/Cl co-transporter |
| Short Name | KCL_cotranspt | Type | Family |
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