| Description | This is a family of potent toxins that function as ion-channel inhibitors. Omega-Grammotoxin SIA is a VSCC antagonist that inhibits neuronal N- and P-type VSCC responses [ ]. Huwentoxin-IV, from the Chinese bird spider, is a highly potent neurotoxin that specifically inhibits the neuronal tetrodotoxin-sensitive voltage-gated sodium channel in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons []. Hainantoxin-4, from the venom of spider Selenocosmia hainana, adopts an inhibitor cystine knot structural motif like huwentoin-IV, and is a potent antagonist that acts at site 1 on tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-S) sodium channels []. Study of the molecular nature of toxin-receptor interactions has helped elucidate the functioning of many ion-channels []. Some members of this family, Tap1 and Tap2, can modulate the activity of both voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels which are implicated in the etiology of chronic pain, being interesting for chronic pain treatment [, ]. | Name | Huwentoxin-1 family |
| Short Name | Huwentoxin-1 | Type | Family |
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