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Belongs to a large gene family, called CLE for CLAVATA3/ESR-related, encoding small peptides with conserved carboxyl termini. The C-terminal 12 amino acid sequence of CLE41 is identical to that of a dodeca peptide (TDIF, tracheary element differentiation inhibitory factor) isolated from Arabidopsis and functions as a suppressor of plant stem cell differentiation. TDIF sequence is also identical to the C-terminal 12 amino acids of CLE44 (At4g13195). The protein is expressed in the vascular system and is involved in axillary bud formation. The mRNA is cell-to-cell mobile.
Extracellular signal peptide that regulates cell fate. May act with TDR as a ligand-receptor pair in a signal transduction pathway that represses tracheary element differentiation but promotes the formation of procambial cells adjacent to phloem cells in the veins in an auxin-dependent manner. Regulates the transition of protophloem cells from proliferation to differentiation, thus impinging on postembryonic growth capacity of the root meristem; this signaling pathway requires CRN and CLV2 (PubMed:28607033).
Mostly expressed in inflorescence and roots, and, to a lower extent, in seedlings, flowers, leaves and siliques. Observed along the vascular strands in cotyledons, leaves and roots, but not in shoot apical meristems (SAM). Restricted to the phloem and the neighboring pericycle cells in the roots and hypocotyls.