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Search results 42601 to 42700 out of 43165 for cell

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Type Details Score
GO Term
GO:0051412 | response to corticosterone
Description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticosterone stimulus. Corticosterone is a 21 carbon steroid hormone of the corticosteroid type, produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands. In many species, corticosterone is the principal glucocorticoid, involved in regulation of fuel metabolism, immune reactions, and stress responses.
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GO Term
GO:0051414 | response to cortisol
Description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cortisol stimulus. Cortisol is the major natural glucocorticoid synthesized in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex; it affects the metabolism of glucose, protein, and fats and has appreciable mineralocorticoid activity. It also regulates the immune system and affects many other functions.
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GO Term
GO:0071836 | nectar secretion
Description: The controlled release of a nectar by a cell or a tissue. Nectar is a fluid secreted by many angiosperms to promote pollination by providing a reward to pollinators. Nectar may also deter certain organisms from visiting or play other biological roles. Nectar is a complex solution that may include the following types of compounds: sugars, amino acids, organic acids, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, vitamins, phenolics, metal ions, oils, free fatty acids, and proteins.
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GO Term
GO:1990910 | response to hypobaric hypoxia
Description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension combined with low atmospheric pressure. Hypoxia is defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95% and hypobaric is defined as atmospheric pressure below 0.74 atm (greater than 2,500 m above sea level).
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GO Term
GO:0055121 | response to high fluence blue light stimulus by blue high-fluence system
Description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the detection of a high fluence blue light stimulus by the blue high-fluence system. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm. The blue high-fluence system responds to blue light at levels between 100 and 1000 micromols/m2.
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GO Term
GO:0009553 | embryo sac development
Description: The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo sac over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The process begins with the meiosis of the megasporocyte to form four haploid megaspores. Three of the megaspores disintegrate, and the fourth undergoes mitosis giving rise to a binucleate syncytial embryo sac. The two haploid nuclei migrate to the opposite poles of the embryo sac and then undergo two rounds of mitosis generating four haploid nuclei at each pole. One nucleus from each set of four migrates to the center of the cell. Cellularization occurs, resulting in an eight-nucleate seven-celled structure. This structure contains two synergid cells and an egg cell at the micropylar end, and three antipodal cells at the other end. A binucleate endosperm mother cell is formed at the center. The two polar nuclei fuse resulting in a mononucleate diploid endosperm mother cell. The three antipodal cells degenerate.
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UniProt Feature
UniProt Feature
Begin: 324
Description: Impaired photoreduction in vitro, but not in vivo or in whole cell extracts, due to an alternative electron transport that involves small metabolites. Abolished intra-protein electron transfer cascade and impaired conformational change upon photoexcitation.
Type: mutagenesis site
End: 324
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UniProt Feature
UniProt Feature
Begin: 163
Description: In srd2-1; temperature sensitive plants with severe suppression of seedling growth and impaired shoot redifferentiation in root explants at 27 degrees Celsius but not at 22 degrees Celsius, however, reduced lateral root formation at any temperature. Loss of reinitiation of the progression of the cell cycle at the restrictive temperature (e.g. 27 degrees Celsius) accompanied with a global reduction in protein tyrosine phosphorylation and impaired small-nuclear RNA transcription. Reduced trichome branching, disordered vascular network and abnormal guard cell shapes are also observed. Altered organization of cells in root primordia, with abnormal apical/basal and radial axes, and persistance of primordial cell division resulting in the formation of abnormal hemispherical laterals.
Type: mutagenesis site
End: 163
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GO Term
GO:0052067 | symbiont-mediated perturbation of host phagocytosis
Description: A process in which in a symbiont interferes with or inhibits host phagocytosis by targeting phagocytic signaling or the cellular phagocytic machinery. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
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Ontology Term
- | Inflammasome
Description: Component of the inflammasome complex involved in innate immunity and inflammation. Inflammasomes are supramolecular micron-sized complexes that assemble in the cytosol adjacent to the nucleus in response to pathogens and other damage-associated signals. The core of inflammasomes consists of at least 2 components: a signal sensor and an effector inflammatory caspase (mostly CASP1). However, most inflammasomes contain a third element, an adaptor (often ASC/PYCARD) In response to a danger signal, the sensor homooligomerizes and interacts with the adaptor that polymerizes and forms a platform to recruit caspase precursors. This results in increased local concentration of the enzyme, leading to trans-autocleavage and activation. Active caspases process proinflammatory IL1B and IL18 cytokine precursors, which are then secreted in the extracellular milieu and induce inflammatory responses. In adaptor-independent inflammasomes, the sensor directly recruits the caspase. Additional proteins may interaction with the core complex. Inflammasomes also induce pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of programmed cell death
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Ontology Term
- | Viral genome integration
Description: Viral protein involved in the integration of a virus genome into the host DNA. Integrated viral DNA is referred to as a provirus in the case of retroviruses or prophage in the case of prokaryotic viruses The integrated viral genome does not necessarily make new DNA copies of itself while integrated into a host genome. Instead, it can remain latent and be passively replicated along with the host genome and passed on to the original cell's offspring; all descendants of the infected cell will also bear it in their genomes. The host's environmental conditions changes can however reactivate the virus leading to viral transcription and production of new infectious viruses (productive infection). Integration is a crucial step in replication of retroviruses, as well as some phages. Integration is not part of the viral replication cycle of phycodnaviruses, adeno- associated virus type 2, and human herpesvirus 6A genome, but can occasionally occur
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Ontology Term
- | Viral latency
Description: Viral protein expressed primarily to establish, maintain or terminate latency, the part of the viral life cycle during which a virus lies dormant (latent) within a cell. This part of the virus life cycle is called the lysogenic part in prokaryotic viruses. During latency, the viral genome can either exist as a provirus integrated in the host genome (proviral latency) or as a linear or circular plasmid in the host cell (episomal latency). The virus does not replicate, but is passively duplicated when the host divides. In eukaryotes for example, HHV-1 and HHV-3 establish episomal latency in neurons. HIV is integrated as a provirus in the genome of resting CD4-positive T cells, allowing the virus to persist for years. Following changes in the environmental conditions of the host, reactivation of the virus can occur leading to viral transcription and production of new infectious viruses
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GO Term
GO:0005773 | vacuole
Description: A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol.
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GO Term
GO:0007271 | synaptic transmission, cholinergic
Description: The vesicular release of acetylcholine from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of dopamine receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.
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GO Term
GO:0001963 | synaptic transmission, dopaminergic
Description: The vesicular release of dopamine. from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of dopamine receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.
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GO Term
GO:0019748 | secondary metabolic process
Description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in many of the chemical changes of compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon. In multicellular organisms secondary metabolism is generally carried out in specific cell types, and may be useful for the organism as a whole. In unicellular organisms, secondary metabolism is often used for the production of antibiotics or for the utilization and acquisition of unusual nutrients.
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GO Term
GO:0004707 | MAP kinase activity
Description: Catalysis of the reaction: protein + ATP = protein phosphate + ADP. This reaction is the phosphorylation of proteins. Mitogen-activated protein kinase; a family of protein kinases that perform a crucial step in relaying signals from the plasma membrane to the nucleus. They are activated by a wide range of proliferation- or differentiation-inducing signals; activation is strong with agonists such as polypeptide growth factors and tumor-promoting phorbol esters, but weak (in most cell backgrounds) by stress stimuli.
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GO Term
GO:0006506 | GPI anchor biosynthetic process
Description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor that attaches some membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. The phosphatidylinositol group is linked via the C-6 hydroxyl residue of inositol to a carbohydrate chain which is itself linked to the protein via an ethanolamine phosphate group, its amino group forming an amide linkage with the C-terminal carboxyl of the protein. Some GPI anchors have variants on this canonical linkage.
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GO Term
GO:0071452 | cellular response to singlet oxygen
Description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a singlet oxygen stimulus. Singlet oxygen is a dioxygen (O2) molecule in which two 2p electrons have similar spin. Singlet oxygen is more highly reactive than the form in which these electrons are of opposite spin, and it is produced in mutant chloroplasts lacking carotenoids and by leukocytes during metabolic burst.
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GO Term
GO:0044320 | cellular response to leptin stimulus
Description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptin stimulus. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body. It plays a key role in regulating energy intake and energy expenditure, including appetite and metabolism.
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GO Term
GO:0044159 | host thylakoid
Description: A membranous cellular structure within the host cell that bears the photosynthetic pigments in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. In cyanobacteria thylakoids are of various shapes and are attached to, or continuous with, the host plasma membrane. In eukaryotic host cells they are flattened, membrane-bounded disk-like structures located in the chloroplasts; in the chloroplasts of higher plants the thylakoids form dense stacks called grana. Isolated thylakoid preparations can carry out photosynthetic electron transport and the associated phosphorylation.
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GO Term
GO:0035249 | synaptic transmission, glutamatergic
Description: The vesicular release of glutamate from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of glutamate receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.
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GO Term
GO:0071384 | cellular response to corticosteroid stimulus
Description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticosteroid hormone stimulus. A corticosteroid is a steroid hormone that is produced in the adrenal cortex. Corticosteroids are involved in a wide range of physiologic systems such as stress response, immune response and regulation of inflammation, carbohydrate metabolism, protein catabolism, blood electrolyte levels, and behavior. They include glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids.
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GO Term
GO:0099153 | synaptic transmission, serotonergic
Description: The vesicular release of serotonin from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of serotonin receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.
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GO Term
GO:0099155 | synaptic transmission, noradrenergic
Description: The vesicular release of noradrenaline (norepinephrine) a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of noradrenaline receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.
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GO Term
GO:0120101 | bacterial-type flagellum stator complex
Description: A hetero-hexameric complex of 2 membrane proteins, A and B, with stoichiometry A4B2. The A and B proteins form a channel through which flow the ions that power the bacterial-type flagellum. They form the stator, or nonrotating portion, of the flagellum motor with the B protein apparently attached to the peptidoglycan cell wall. Examples include the H+ driven MotA-MotB stator complex of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica, and the Na+ driven PomA-PomB stator complex of Vibrio and Shewanella species.
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GO Term
GO:0140730 | amphiregulin production
Description: The appearance of amphiregulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Amphiregulin (AREG) is a ligand of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a widely expressed transmembrane tyrosine kinase. AREG is synthesized as a membrane-anchored precursor protein that can engage in juxtacrine signaling on adjacent cells. Alternatively, after proteolytic processing by cell membrane proteases, mainly TACE/ADAM17, AREG is secreted and behaves as an autocrine or paracrine factor.
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GO Term
GO:0060012 | synaptic transmission, glycinergic
Description: The vesicular release of glycine from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of glycine receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.
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GO Term
GO:0000055 | ribosomal large subunit export from nucleus
Description: The directed movement of a ribosomal large subunit from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
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GO Term
GO:0000056 | ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus
Description: The directed movement of a ribosomal small subunit from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
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GO Term
GO:0002705 | positive regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity
Description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity.
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GO Term
GO:0001912 | positive regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity
Description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity.
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Protein Domain
IPR006553
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Protein Domain
IPR043505
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Protein Domain
IPR001218
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Protein Domain
IPR006574
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Protein Domain
IPR006572
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Protein Domain
IPR001965
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Protein Domain
IPR016045
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Protein Domain
IPR016149
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Protein Domain
IPR041789
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Protein Domain
IPR024178
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Protein Domain
IPR016248
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Protein Domain
IPR004501
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Protein Domain
IPR000499
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Protein Domain
IPR019787
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Protein Domain
IPR004830
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Protein Domain
IPR039421
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Protein Domain
IPR002282
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Protein Domain
IPR041877
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Protein Domain
IPR002455
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Protein Domain
IPR019956
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Protein Domain
IPR014770
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Protein Domain
IPR014772
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Protein Domain
IPR000003
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Protein Domain
IPR002644
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Protein Domain
IPR001681
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Protein Domain
IPR002682
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Protein Domain
IPR036001
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Protein Domain
IPR000366
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Protein Domain
IPR000372
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Protein Domain
IPR000351
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Protein Domain
IPR008103
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Protein Domain
IPR036286
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Protein Domain
IPR012714
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Protein Domain
IPR000986
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Protein Domain
IPR023274
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Protein Domain
IPR001353
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Protein Domain
IPR001922
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Protein Domain
IPR000932
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Protein Domain
IPR010527
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Protein Domain
IPR023431
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Protein Domain
IPR010666
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Protein Domain
IPR047545
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Protein Domain
IPR047546
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Protein Domain
IPR047544
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Protein Domain
IPR032500
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Protein Domain
IPR020584
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Protein Domain
IPR019760
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Protein Domain
IPR019954
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Protein Domain
IPR005511
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Protein Domain
IPR042547
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Protein Domain
IPR042548
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Protein Domain
IPR015927
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Protein Domain
IPR013081
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Protein Domain
IPR013210
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Protein Domain
IPR037267
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Protein Domain
IPR049261
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Protein Domain
IPR013813
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Protein Domain
IPR011222
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Protein Domain
IPR037832
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Protein Domain
IPR001728
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Protein Domain
IPR011147
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Protein Domain
IPR023420
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Protein Domain
IPR011381
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Protein Domain
IPR008266
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Protein Domain
IPR008276
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Protein Domain
IPR011713
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Protein Domain
IPR008349
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Protein Domain
IPR011990
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