histone acetyltransferase of the CBP family 1;(source:Araport11)
TAIR Curator Summary:
Homologous to CREB-binding protein, a co-activator of transcription with histone acetyl-transferase activity. No single prior lysine acetylation is sufficient to block HAC1 acetylation of the H3 or H4 peptides, suggesting that HAC1, HAC5, and HAC12 can acetylate any of several lysines present in the peptides. HAM2 acetylates histone H4 lysine 5. A plant line expressing an RNAi construct targeted against HAC1 has reduced rates of agrobacterium-mediated root transformation.
Member of a diversely expressed predicted peptide family showing sequence similarity to tobacco Rapid Alkalinization Factor (RALF), and is believed to play an essential role in the physiology of Arabidopsis. Consists of a single exon and is characterized by a conserved C-terminal motif and N-terminal signal peptide. Mediates Ca2+-dependent signaling. Regulates the splicing of flowering genes and exerts an opposite effect on the flowering time compared with FER.
plasmodesmata-located protein 1;(source:Araport11)
TAIR Curator Summary:
Encodes a plasmodesmal protein that affects the intercellular movement of molecules through the plasmodesmata. The cytoplasmic C-terminal portion of the protein is connected to the apoplastic N-terminal portion of the protein by a single transmembrane domain (TMD). It is transported to the plasmodesmata through the secretory pathway. PDLP1 has two DUF26 domains and a signal peptide, but the proper localization of the protein appears to depend on the TMD.
AtMIN7 is an immunity associated Arabidopsis protein targeted by HopM1, a conserved Pseudomonas syringae virulence protein. AtMIN7 encodes one of the eight members of the Arabidopsis adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ribosylation factor (ARF) guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) protein family. The AFR GEF proteins are key components of the vesicle trafficking system in eukaryotic cells. HopM1 mediates the destruction of AtMIN7 via the host proteasome. Critical for cuticle formation and related leaf surface defense against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pathovar tomato (Pto).
Encodes a member of a small gene family of proteins with similarity to nucleosome assembly proteins.May function in nucleotide excision repair. Loss of function mutations have no obvious visible phenotypes but do seem to affect transcription of NER related genes. The mRNA is cell-to-cell mobile. Plants mutated in three ubiquitously expressed NAP1 genes (NAP1;1~NAP1;3) and organ-specifically expressed NAP1;4 gene show hypersensitivity to genotoxic stresses including UV and DSB-inducing agent Bleomycin. The NAP1 genes act synergistically with NRP genes in promoting somatic homologous recombination.
Encodes a protein with moderate sequence similarity to the maize microtubule-binding protein TANGLED1. A single base-pair deletion (-A) at position Chr3:1519176 in Columbia relative to the Landsberg erecta and Achkarren-2 ecotype (see ESTs DR378436 and CB26450) introduces a frame-shift and premature termination codon. The protein encoded from the Columbia gene is truncated by 29 amino acids relative to the Landsberg erecta and Achkarren-2 encoded proteins. Involved in the identification of the division plane during mitosis amd cytokinesis
A mutation in ANTAGONIST OF LHP1 1 (ALP1) suppresses the phenotype of lhp1 mutant plants. ALP1 interacts genetically with several PcG and trxG components and antagonizes PcG silencing. The interaction has a negative effect on polycomb-mediated gene repression since double mutant combinations of clf alp1 or lhp1 alp1 show supression of the clf and lhp1 single mutant phenotypes. ALP1 domestication probably occured at the root of angiosperm diversification coincident with mutation of conserved residues important for endonuclease activity.
Light-labile cytoplasmic red/far-red light photoreceptor involved in the regulation of photomorphogenesis. It exists in two inter-convertible forms: Pr and Pfr (active) and functions as a dimer.The N terminus carries a single tetrapyrrole chromophore, and the C terminus is involved in dimerization. It is the sole photoreceptor mediating the FR high irradiance response (HIR). Major regulator in red-light induction of phototropic enhancement. Involved in the regulation of de-etiolation. Involved in gravitropism and phototropism. Requires FHY1 for nuclear accumulation.
Putative glycosyltransferase, similar to other CAZy Family 47 proteins. The protein is predicted to be a type 2 membrane protein with a signal anchor and is predicted to be targeted to the secretory pathway and to have a single transmembrane helix near the N terminus; hence, the protein has the features expected for a type II membrane protein targeted to the Golgi vesicles. The gene was shown to be expressed in all tissues but particularly in vascular tissues of leaves and stems.
Encodes a myb family transcription factor with a single Myb DNA-binding domain (type SHAQKYF) that is unique to plants and is essential for circadian rhythms, specifically for transcriptional regulation within the circadian clock. LUX is required for normal rhythmic expression of multiple clock outputs in both constant light and darkness. It is coregulated with TOC1 and seems to be repressed by CCA1 and LHY by direct binding of these proteins to the evening element in the LUX promoter. The mRNA is cell-to-cell mobile.
histone acetyltransferase of the CBP family 5;(source:Araport11)
TAIR Curator Summary:
Encodes an enzyme with histone acetyltransferase activity that can use both H3 and H4 histones as substrates. No single prior lysine acetylation is sufficient to block HAC5 acetylation of the H3 or H4 peptides, suggesting that HAC5 can acetylate any of several lysines present in the peptides. Di-acetylation of both lysines 9 and 14 on the H3 peptide significantly reduces the level of incorporated radioactive acetylation catalyzed by HAC5, indicating that HAC5 may acetylate either lysine 9 or lysine 14. The mRNA is cell-to-cell mobile.
Chaperone protein htpG family protein;(source:Araport11)
TAIR Curator Summary:
encodes an ortholog of GRP94, an ER-resident HSP90-like protein and is involved in regulation of meristem size and organization. Single and double mutant analyses suggest that SHD may be required for the correct folding and/or complex formation of CLV proteins. Lines carrying recessive mutations in this locus exhibits expanded shoot meristems, disorganized root meristems, and defective pollen tube elongation. Transcript is detected in all tissues examined and is not induced by heat. Endoplasmin supports the protein secretory pathway and has a role in proliferating tissues.
Encodes a member of the dehydroascorbate reductase gene family. Critical for a mutualistic symbiosis between the host Arabidopsis and the root colonizing fungus Piriformospora indica.Encodes about 50-60% of extractable leaf GSH-dependent DHAR activity, but single knockout mutants show unaltered ascorbate and glutathione status in optimal and oxidative stress conditions (PMID:28381499). Acts redundantly with DHAR2 to oxidize glutathione in response to increased intracelullar hydrogen peroxide (catalase deficiency). Complementation of a cat2 dhar1 dhar2 dhar3 quadruple mutant with DHAR1 fully restores cat2 phenotype and pathogenesis-related responses(PMID:28381499).
Encodes WHY2, a homolog of the potato p24 protein. It shares the conserved KGKAAL domain, a putative DNA-binding domain, with potato p24 and is localized to mitochondria and not the nucleus. WHY2 is a member of the Whirly family proteins present mainly in the plant kingdom performing various activities related to DNA metabolism. Crystal structure of Solanum tuberosum WHY2, a close homolog of Arabidopsis WHY2, reveal that Whirly proteins bind to single strand DNA to promote accurate repair of DNA double-strand breaks over an error-prone repair pathway.
Encodes a protein containing Leu-rich repeats and a degenerate F-box motif. Associates with AtCUL1, AtRbx1, and the Skp1-like proteins ASK1 and ASK2 to assemble SCF COI1 ubiquitin-ligase complexes in planta. A single amino acid substitution in the F-box motif of COI1 abolishes the formation of the SCF(COI1) complexes and results in loss of the JA response. Required for wound- and jasmonates-induced transcriptional regulation. Amino acid mutations in COI1 distinctively affect jasmonate-regulated male fertility.CFA-Ile, CFA-Leu, CFA-Val, CFA-Met and CFA-Ala could not inhibit the root length and restoration of fertility in coi1-1 mutants.
Encodes RALF23, a member of a diversely expressed predicted peptide family showing sequence similarity to tobacco Rapid Alkalinization Factor (RALF), and is believed to play an essential role in the physiology of Arabidopsis. Consists of a single exon and is characterized by a conserved C-terminal motif and N-terminal signal peptide. RALF23 is significantly downregulated by brassinolide treatment of seedlings. Overexpression of AtRALF23 impairs brassinolide-induced hypocotyls elongation, and mature overexpressing plants are shorter and bushier. RALF23 overexpression produces slower growing seedlings with roots that have reduced capacity to acidify the rhizosphere.
A member of SHI gene family. Arabidopsis thaliana has ten members that encode proteins with a RING finger-like zinc finger motif. Despite being highly divergent in sequence, many of the SHI-related genes are partially redundant in function and synergistically promote gynoecium, stamen and leaf development in Arabidopsis. Encodes protein with a single zinc finger motif and a members of a small gene family of putative transcription factors in which the SHORT INTERNODES (SHI) gene is found. STY2/STY1 double mutants showed defective style, stigma as well as serrated leaves.
Putative transcription factor. Member of the floral homeotic AGAMOUS pathway.Mutations in HUA enhance the phenotype of mild ag-4 allele. Single hua mutants are early flowering and have reduced levels of FLC mRNA. Other MADS box flowering time genes such as FLM and MAF2 also appear to be regulated by HUA2. HUA2 normally activates FLC expression and enhances AG function. HUA and HUA-LIKE (HULK) genes act redundantly to regulate a subset of essential genes, with some (or all) family members also having specific functions. The mRNA is cell-to-cell mobile.
Encodes a protein homologous to translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) from Drosophila. In flies, TCTP functions guanine nucleotide exchange factor in the TOR signaling pathway. TCTP is expressed throughout the plant with highest levels seen in meristematic regions of the shoot and root. Loss of function alleles are not transmitted through the male gametophyte due to defects in pollen tube growth. Hypomorphs, generated through RNAi, are dwarf and have smaller cells. These plants also have defects in lateral and primary root growth as well as root hair growth. The phenotypes are similar to TOR mutants suggesting that TCTP functions in the is pathway in Arabidopsis as well.
homolog of Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group B 2;(source:Araport11)
TAIR Curator Summary:
Encodes XPB2, a DNA repair protein and transcription factor. Arabidopsis thaliana has duplicated XPB gene (AtXPB1 and AtXPB2, with high similarity to each other). XPB proteins are involved in both DNA repair and transcription, they are component of the transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) and are responsible for DNA helicase activity during nucleotide (nt) excision repair (NER). Complementation assays in yeast rad25 mutant strains suggest the involvement of AtXPB2 in DNA repair. Although both genes are expressed in a constitutive manner during the plant life cycle, Northern blot analyses suggest that light modulates the expression level of both XPB copies.XPB2 preferentially expressed in developing organs and during the cell cycle.
TAIR Short Description:
homolog of Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group B 2
DNA repair helicase XPB1-like protein;(source:Araport11)
TAIR Curator Summary:
Encodes XPB1, a DNA repair protein and transcription factor. Arabidopsis thaliana has duplicated XPB gene (AtXPB1 and AtXPB2, with high similarity to each other). XPB proteins are involved in both DNA repair and transcription, they are component of the transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) and are responsible for DNA helicase activity during nucleotide (nt) excision repair (NER). Complementation assays in yeast rad25 mutant strains suggest the involvement of AtXPB2 in DNA repair. Although both genes are expressed in a constitutive manner during the plant life cycle, Northern blot analyses suggest that light modulates the expression level of both XPB copies. The mRNA is cell-to-cell mobile.
TAIR Short Description:
homolog of xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group B 1
Cyclic nucleotide-regulated ion channel family protein;(source:Araport11)
TAIR Curator Summary:
'defense, no death' gene (DND1) encodes a mutated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel; Same as CNGC2 (article ID 229): Cyclic nucleotide gated channel, activated by cAMP, conducts K+ and other monovalent cations but excludes Na+, does not contain the GYG amino acid sequence found in other channels with this conductivity profile. Conducts Ca2+ into cells which is linked to the generation of NO and the NO signaling pathway involved in the innate immune response to pathogens. CNGC2 could be the key step mediating bulk Ca2+ influx into leaf cells after unloading from the vascular and have no direct roles in the leaf development and HR.
TAIR Short Description:
Cyclic nucleotide-regulated ion channel family protein
predicted to encode a C/D box type of snoRNA, also known as Ath-350 (GB: AJ505636). But, the submitted sequence of 110 nucleotides is only part of the 160 nucleotide sequence predicted by Northern blotting. It is assumed that a 5' portion of the gene is missing and its 5' end has not been conclusively mapped. Sequence analysis of this snoRNA suggests that it may not function like other C/D box family members that modify rRNAs or snRNAs. Its true biological target remains unknown. The promoter of this snoRNA has hallmarks of the snRNA promoters targeted by RNA polymerase II, indicating that it might also have a TMG (2,2,7 trimethyguanosine) cap. SnoRNA108 may also play a novel role in ribosome biogenesis (Marker 2002).
predicted to encode a C/D box type of snoRNA, also known as Ath-282 (GB:AJ505633). But, the submitted sequence of 106 nucleotides is only part of the 162 nucleotide sequence predicted by Northern blotting. It is assumed that a 5' portion of the gene is missing and its 5' end has not been conclusively mapped. Sequence analysis of this snoRNA suggests that it may not function like other C/D box family members that modify rRNAs or snRNAs. Its true biological target remains unknown. The promoter of this snoRNA has hallmarks of the snRNA promoters targeted by RNA polymerase II, indicating that it might also have a TMG (2,2,7 trimethyguanosine) cap. SnoRNA105 may also play a novel role in ribosome biogenesis (Marker 2002). Northern blotting reveals that snoRNA105 expression levels are higher in seedlings than in adult plants.
calcium-dependent protein kinase 6;(source:Araport11)
TAIR Curator Summary:
Encodes calcium dependent protein kinase 3 (CPK3), a member of the Arabidopsis CDPK gene family. CDPKs contain an intrinsic Ca2+-activation domain with four EF hand Ca2+-binding sites. CDPKs protein kinases have been proposed to function in multiple plant signal transduction pathways downstream of [Ca2+]cyt elevations, thus transducing various physiological responses. CPK3 is expressed in both guard cells and mesophyll cells. Functions in guard cell ion channel regulation. ABA and Ca(2+) activation of slow-type anion channels and, interestingly, ABA activation of plasma membrane Ca(2+)-permeable channels were impaired in independent alleles of single and double cpk3cpk6 mutant guard cells. Furthermore, ABA- and Ca(2+)-induced stomatal closing were partially impaired in these cpk3cpk6 mutant alleles. CPK6 is also a member of the Arabidopsis CDPK family.
Encodes a telomeric DNA binding protein and Single Myb Histone (SMH) gene family member. In vitro, an N-terminal Myb domain enables it to interact with double-stranded telomeric repeats.Mutations in TRB1 and TRB3 enhance the lhp1 mutant phenotype. Triple mutants are more strongly affected than the respective double mutants with lhp1. TRB1 binds non-H3K27me3 target genes predominantly at the transcription start sites and its presence increases the expression of several of these targets, enriched for functions of primary metabolism. At H3K27me3 target genes, TRB1 binding is more distributed across gene bodies and at extended promoter regions, corresponding to an enrichment of putative binding sites "RMCCTAR". At these genes, TRB1 particiaptes in the repression because several direct targets are further upregulated in trb1 lhp1 double mutants as compared to lhp1 mutants.
WRINKLED1 encodes transcription factor of the AP2/ERWEBP class. Protein has two plant-specific (AP2/EREB) DNA-binding domains and is involved in the control of storage compound biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Mutants have wrinkled seed phenotype, due to a defect in the incorporation of sucrose and glucose into triacylglycerols. Transgenic sGsL plants (21-day-old) grown on 6% sucrose for 24 hours had 2-fold increase in levels of expressions (sGsL line carries a single copy of T-DNA containing the Spomin::GUS-Spomin::LUC dual reporter genes in the upper arm of chromosome 5 of ecotype Col-0. The sporamin .minimal. promoter directs sugar-inducible expression of the LUC and GUS reporters in leaves). Regulation by LEC2 promotes fatty acid accumulation during seed maturation. Splice form 3 is the major form expressed in seedlings.Mutations in the C terminal intrinsically disordered region increase the stability of WRI1 and lead to increased oil production.
Calcium-dependent protein kinase family protein;(source:Araport11)
TAIR Curator Summary:
Encodes calcium dependent protein kinase 6 (CPK6), a member of the Arabidopsis CDPK gene family. CDPKs contain an intrinsic Ca2+-activation domain with four EF hand Ca2+-binding sites. CDPKs protein kinases have been proposed to function in multiple plant signal transduction pathways downstream of [Ca2+]cyt elevations, thus transducing various physiological responses. CPK6 is expressed in both guard cells and mesophyll cells. Functions in guard cell ion channel regulation. ABA and Ca(2+) activation of slow-type anion channels and, interestingly, ABA activation of plasma membrane Ca(2+)-permeable channels were impaired in independent alleles of single and double cpk3cpk6 mutant guard cells. Furthermore, ABA- and Ca(2+)-induced stomatal closing were partially impaired in these cpk3cpk6 mutant alleles. The protein kinase CPK6 is shown in biochemical assays to be directly activated by elevations in calcium concentrations in the physiological range (Laanements et al., 2013 PlantPhys.; PMID: 23766366). These data correlate with the in vivo function of CPK6 in Ca2+ and ABA activation of S-type anion channels (Mori et al., 2006 PLoS Biol.; PMID: 17032064) and the ability of CPK6 to mediate ABA activation of SLAC1 (Brandt et al., 2012 PNAS; PMID: 22689970). The mRNA is cell-to-cell mobile.
JKD is a nuclear-localized putative transcription factor of the BIRDS/IDD C2H2 zinc finger family. JKD and its homologue BIB, restrict SHR movement to a single layer, the endodermis, and delimit tissue boundaries in the root meristem through a process that involves nuclear retention through protein complex formation. JKD mutation leads to periclinal divisions in the cortex, increased cell numbers in the circumference of the cortical and epidermal layers, a disrupted QC marker expression pattern, and disorganized QC and columella cells. This effect is enhanced in jkd bib double mutants where tissue boundaries cannot be maintained due to excessive SHR movement. JKD and BIB restrict CYCIND6 expression to cortex and endodermis stem cells to prevent formative divisions in the ground tissue. JKD physically interacts with cell fate determinants SCR and SHR in a cell type specific manner. Native FRET-FLIM analysis showed higher JKD-SCR complex in the endodermis and predominant JKD-SHR in the QC and cortex/endodermis stem cells. In addition, JKD, SCR and SHR form a ternary complex whose conformation is cell type dependent, conformational changes of this complex differentially regulate SCR and WOX5 expression to specify endodermal cell fate and QC function respectively. Its mRNA is cell-to-cell mobile.
and interoperation is funded by 
