| Description | The tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor (TNFR) superfamily comprises more than 20 type-I transmembrane proteins. Family members are defined based on similarity in their extracellular domain -a region that contains many cysteine residues arranged in a specific repetitive pattern [ ]. The cysteines allow formation of an extended rod-like structure, responsible for ligand binding [].Upon receptor activation, different intracellular signalling complexes are assembled for different members of the TNFR superfamily, depending on their intracellular domains and sequences [ ]. Activation of TNFRs can therefore induce a range of disparate effects, including cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, or apoptotic cell death, depending upon the receptor involved [, ].TNFRs are widely distributed and play important roles in many crucial biological processes, such as lymphoid and neuronal development, innate and adaptive immunity, and maintenance of cellular homeostasis [ ]. Drugs that manipulate their signalling have potential roles in the prevention and treatment of many diseases, such as viral infections, coronary heart disease, transplant rejection, and immune disease [].TNF receptors 11A and 11B mediate the effects of receptor activator for NF-kappa-B ligand (RANKL), an essential osteoclast regulatory factor. The receptors have opposing effects -activation of TNF receptor 11A by RANKL promotes osteoclast differentiation [ ], while TNF receptor 11B acts as a soluble decoy receptor for the ligand, thus inhibiting differentiation [].TNF receptor 11B (also known as osteoprotegerin (OPG)) is a secreted protein that contains two death domains within its C-terminal region. Mutations in the TNF receptor 11B gene are associated with the autosomal recessive osteopathy juvenile Paget disease [ ]. The receptor may also be involved in vascular calcification, and high expression levels in serum are a risk factor for the progression of atherosclerosis and the onset of cardiovascular disease []. | Name | Tumour necrosis factor receptor 11B |
| Short Name | TNFR_11B | Type | Family |
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