Encodes an inositol polyphosphate 5' phosphatase (5PTase) that is required for the proper recruitment of cells into developing vascular tissue in leaves and cotyledons. It is most similar to Type I 5PTases that are known to cleave a phosphate from IP3 or IP4. cvp2 mutants have elevated levels of IP3 and are hypersensitive to ABA in seed germination assays.
cysteine-rich RLK (RECEPTOR-like protein kinase) 2;(source:Araport11)
TAIR Curator Summary:
Encodes a cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinase located to the plasma membrane. Involved in regulating microbe-associated molecular pattern-triggered ROS production and stress induced callose deposition at the plasmodesmata in roots. Required for MAMP-triggered responses and resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato 118 DC3000 .
TAIR Short Description:
cysteine-rich RLK (RECEPTOR-like protein kinase) 2
high molecular weight subunit-like glutenin;(source:Araport11)
TAIR Curator Summary:
Member of MORF family consisting of of nine full-length proteins encoded in the nuclear genome. MORF proteins are required for all RNA editing events in plastids and for many, possibly also all, sites in mitochondria. Potential link between the RNA binding PPR protein and the protein contributing the enzymatic activity in RNA editing.
F-box and associated interaction domains-containing protein;(source:Araport11)
TAIR Curator Summary:
F-box domain protein, expressed in response to microbe-associated patterns Flg22-induced upregulation can be broken by 3AB treatment. Mutants have reduced callose deposition in response to infection.
TAIR Short Description:
F-box and associated interaction domains-containing protein
Encodes a membrane localized S-domain receptor kinase that is involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) sensing. SD1-29 detected LPS of Pseudomonas and Xanthomonas species for which it serves as a microbe associated molecular pattern triggering innate immunity. Loses of function mutants are hyper susceptible to P.syringae.
At1g12350 encodes phosphopantothenoylcysteine synthetase (phosphopantothenoylcysteine ligase). Its molecular function was shown to add cysteine forming (R)-4’-phospho-N-pantothenoylcysteine (PPC)
IDL6 peptide is induced in response to Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs). Overexpression of IDL6 results in increased susceptibility to pathogens.
Encodes a predicted leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase (LRR-RLK). Functions as the receptor for bacterial PAMP (pathogen associated molecular patterns) EF-Tu.
Concanavalin A-like lectin protein kinase family protein;(source:Araport11)
TAIR Curator Summary:
Encodes a legume-type lectin receptor kinase that is structurally distinct from the mammalian extracellular ATP receptors and acts as an extracellular ATP receptor in Arabidopsis. Extracellular ATP acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern in plants, and its signaling through P2K1 is important for mounting an effective defense response against various pathogenic microorganisms. It also plays a role in cell wall-plasma membrane adhesion.
TAIR Short Description:
Concanavalin A-like lectin protein kinase family protein
Encodes chaperonin-60 alpha, a molecular chaperone involved in Rubisco folding. Mutants display aberrant chloroplast and embryo development. The mRNA is cell-to-cell mobile.
Encodes a transmembrane protein of the tetraspanin (TET) family, one of 17 members found in Arabidopsis. Double mutant analysis showed that TRN1 and TRN2 act in the same pathway. Required for the maintenance of both the radial pattern of tissue differentiation in the root and for the subsequent circumferential pattern within the epidermis.
Encodes a pentatricopeptide (PPR) protein involved in leaf and root development. dot4 mutants have an aberrant midgap venation pattern in juvenile leaves and cotyledons.
TAIR Short Description:
Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) superfamily protein
RNA polymerase II transcription mediator;(source:Araport11)
TAIR Curator Summary:
Encodes the Arabidopsis homolog of the transcriptional regulator MED13, is dynamically expressed during embryogenesis and regulates both developmental timing and the radial pattern formation.
Encodes universal stress protein (USP). Functions as a molecular chaperone under heat shock and oxidative stress conditions. Chaperone activity and assembly into complexes is redox regulated.
TAIR Short Description:
Adenine nucleotide alpha hydrolases-like superfamily protein
encodes a low molecular weight heat shock protein that contains the heat shock element in the promoter region. Expression is induced in response to heat shock.
Encodes a plastid-localized α-amylase. Expression is reduced in the SEX4 mutant. Loss of function mutations show normal diurnal pattern of starch accumulation/degradation. Expression follows circadian rhythms.
Encodes a protein with homology to members of the dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (DFR) superfamily. Its expression pattern suggests that AtCRL2 is involved in the synthesis and/or maintenance of vascular tissue.
Encodes CRL (CRUMPLED LEAF), a protein localized in the outer envelope membrane of plastids. Mutation in this gene affects the pattern of cell division, cell differentiation and plastid division.
NUC is a member of the BIRD group of transcriptional regulators and is required for the formative divisions that pattern the root. the ground tissue into cortex and endodermis.
lumazine-binding family protein;(source:Araport11)
TAIR Curator Summary:
A synthetic gene encoding the catalytic domain of the Arabidopsis thaliana gene At2g20690 was recombinant expressed in E. coli demonstrating the molecular function of riboflavin synthase. The mRNA is cell-to-cell mobile.
Encodes a protein containing the NFU domain and functions as a molecular scaffold for iron-sulfur cluster assembly and delivery. Homologous to the cyanobacterial CNFU protein and is targeted to the chloroplast.
mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3;(source:Araport11)
TAIR Curator Summary:
Encodes a member of the MEKK subfamily that functions redundantly with MAPKKK5 to activate MPK3/6 downstream of multiple pattern recognition receptors and confer resistance to both bacterial and fungal pathogens.
mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5;(source:Araport11)
TAIR Curator Summary:
Encodes a member of the MEKK subfamily that functions redundantly with MAPKKK3 to activate MPK3/6 downstream of multiple pattern recognition receptors and confer resistance to both bacterial and fungal pathogens.
Encodes coproporphyrinogen III oxidase, a key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of chlorophyll and heme, a tetrapyrrole pathway. Mutants express cytological and molecular markers associated with the defense responses, usually activated by pathogen infection.
Phototropic-responsive NPH3 family protein;(source:Araport11)
TAIR Curator Summary:
Encodes a protein with an N-terminal BTB/POZ domain and a C-terminal NPH3 family domain. dot3 mutants have defects in shoot and primary root growth and produce an aberrant parallel venation pattern in juvenile leaves.
arginine/serine-rich zinc knuckle-containing protein 33;(source:Araport11)
TAIR Curator Summary:
encodes an RS-containing Zinc knuckle protein with molecular mass of 33kDa that is localized to nuclear specks. Barta et al (2010) have proposed a nomenclature for Serine/Arginine-Rich Protein Splicing Factors (SR proteins): Plant Cell. 2010, 22:2926.
TAIR Short Description:
arginine/serine-rich zinc knuckle-containing protein 33
Encodes a U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in ubiquitination of pattern recognition receptor FLS2.pub12/pub13 double mutants enhanced chitin-induced ROS production and callose deposition suggesting they function redundantly to negatively regulate immune response to fungal elicitor.
Protein kinase superfamily protein;(source:Araport11)
TAIR Curator Summary:
AGCVIII kinase involved in the pulse-induced first positive phototropism. Plasma-membrane-associated element of a molecular rheostat that modulates auxin flux through developing protophloem sieve elements (PPSEs) while interacting with BRX, thereby timing PPSE differentiation. Activates PIN-mediated auxin efflux.
stromal cell-derived factor 2-like protein precursor;(source:Araport11)
TAIR Curator Summary:
Encodes an endoplasmic reticulum protein SDF2 (stromal-derived factor-2). Forms a complex SDF2-ERdj3B-BiP that is required for the proper accumulation of the surface-exposed leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases EFR. EFR is involved in PAMP (pathogen associated molecular patterns) triggered immunity.
TAIR Short Description:
stromal cell-derived factor 2-like protein precursor
Encodes a low molecular weight nuclear WDR protein which displays functional homology to the Swd2 protein, an essential subunit of the yeast histone methylation COMPASS complex. APRF1 acts upstream of FLC and promotes flowering under long day conditions.
Encodes a glycine rich protein that is involved in leaf vascular patterning. dot1 mutants have an aberrant open-class venation pattern in leaves and cotyledons, as well as several other leaf development defects. The mRNA is cell-to-cell mobile.
A high molecular weight GTPase whose GTP-binding domain shows a low homology to those of other plant dynamin-like proteins.Contains a pleckstrin homologous domain. DRP2B and DRP1A participate together in clathrin-coated vesicle formation during endocytosis. The mRNA is cell-to-cell mobile.
DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta (Protein of unknown function, DUF642);(source:Araport11)
TAIR Curator Summary:
The mRNA of this gene is expressed in viable seeds. Its detection in a dry seed lot has potential for use as a molecular marker for germination performance as absence of expression correlates with decreased germination. Encodes DUF642 cell wall protein.
Encodes a nuclear localized dosage sensitive paternally expressed imprinted gene. It is a member of a family of molecular chaperones called J-domain. Loss of ADM function suppresses seed abortion of triploid embryos and also partially rescues the effect of mea mutations.
Encodes a member of xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases (XTHs) that catalyze the cleavage and molecular grafting of xyloglucan chains function in loosening and rearrangement of the cell wall. Gene is expressed in shoot apex region, flower buds, flower stalks and internodes bearing flowers.
Encodes a second Arabidopsis phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinase gene product with a different expression pattern from PPCK1. Expression of the gene is upregulated by exposure of the plant to light and is responsive to both phosphate (Pi) and phosphite (Phi) in shoots.
protease inhibitor/seed storage/lipid transfer protein (LTP) family protein;(source:Araport11)
TAIR Curator Summary:
Encodes a hybrid proline-rich protein that contains two tandem PRD-8CMs (proline-rich domain-eight cysteine motif). Its expression is induced by JA and certain pathogens. This pattern of induction, combined with overexpression and RNAi induced phenotypes, suggests involvement in defense response to pathogens.
TAIR Short Description:
protease inhibitor/seed storage/lipid transfer protein (LTP) family protein
Encodes a member of the A. thaliana imitation switch (AtISWI) subfamily of chromatin remodeling factors. Double mutation in CHR17 and CHR11 results in the loss of the evenly spaced nucleosome pattern in gene bodies, but does not affect nucleosome density.
CCCH-type zinc finger protein with ARM repeat domain-containing protein;(source:Araport11)
TAIR Curator Summary:
AtOXS2 specifcally entered the nuclear under salt stress. Te specifc nuclear localization of AtOXS2 could play a role in salt tolerance at the molecular level. Tese results implied that AtOXS2 might target some downstream cis-elements which are required for salt stress responses
TAIR Short Description:
CCCH-type zinc finger protein with ARM repeat domain
The PBP1(PYK10-binding protein 1) assists the PYK10 (beta-glucosidase complex) in its activity and may act like a molecular chaperone that facilitates the correct polymerization of PYK10, when tissues are damaged and subcellular structures are destroyed by pests. The mRNA is cell-to-cell mobile.
Encodes GT-1, a plant transcription factor that binds to one of the cis-acting elements, BoxII, which resides within the upstream promoter region of light-responsive genes. GT-1 was assumed to act as a molecular switch modulated through Ca(2+)-dependent phosphorylation/dephosphorylation in response to light signals.
Transcription regulator acting as repressor of auxin-inducible gene expression. Plays role in the control of gravitropic growth and development in light-grown seedlings. Auxin induces the degradation of the protein in a dosage-dependent manner in a process mediated by AtRac1. Auxin induced the relocalization of the protein within the nucleus from a diffused nucleoplasmic pattern to a discrete particulated pattern named nuclear protein bodies or NPB in a process also mediated by Rac1. Colocalizes with SCF, CSN and 26S proteasome components. Pseudomonas syringae type III effector AvrRpt2 stimulates AXR2 protein turnover.
homeobox protein knotted-1-like 4;(source:Araport11)
TAIR Curator Summary:
A member of Class II KN1-like homeodomain transcription factors (together with KNAT3 and KNAT5), with greatest homology to the maize knox1 homeobox protein. Expression regulated by light. Detected in all tissues examined, but most prominent in leaves and young siliques. Transient expression of GFP translational fusion protein suggests bipartite localization in nucleus and cytoplasm. KNAT4 promoter activity showed cell-type specific pattern along longitudinal root axis; GUS expression pattern started at the elongation zone, predominantly in the phloem and pericycle cells, extending to endodermis toward the base of the root.
Encodes a large plant-specific protein of unknown function, with conserved domains also found in a variety of signaling proteins, In trn mutants, the leaf venation network had a severely reduced complexity: incomplete loops, no tertiary or quaternary veins, and vascular islands. The leaf laminas were asymmetric and narrow because of a severely reduced cell number. TRN1 is required for the maintenance of both the radial pattern of tissue differentiation in the root and for the subsequent circumferential pattern within the epidermis. Double mutant analysis showed that TRN1 and TRN2 act in the same pathway.
Encodes a nuclear-localized transcriptional activator with weak sequence similarity to basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)-domain proteins. It promotes the production of stele cells in root meristems and is required to establish and maintain the normal vascular cell number and pattern in primary and lateral roots.
Mutants have radially swollen roots but do not exhibit defects in abundance or orientation of cortical microtubules, nor are microfibrils reduced. Cellulose synthesis is also unchanged with respect to wild type. There is a disruption in the normal pattern of cell wall placement.
TAIR Short Description:
P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolases superfamily protein
Encodes RIP3 (ROP interactive partner 3), a microtubule-binding protein that is anchored to the plasma membrane domains and promotes local microtubule disassembly, forming as specific pattern of secondary walls in xylem vessel cells. Localized at microtubules and interacts with the plant-specific kinesin AtKinesin-13A.
RNA-metabolising metallo-beta-lactamase family protein;(source:Araport11)
TAIR Curator Summary:
Encodes a member of the metallo-beta-lactamase protein family that plays a vital role in embryo morphogenesis and apical-basal pattern formation by regulating chloroplast development. In bacteria, RNase J plays an important role in rRNA maturation and in the 5′ stability of mRNA.
TAIR Short Description:
RNA-metabolising metallo-beta-lactamase family protein
Originally published as Agamous like MADS-box protein AGL31. One of a group of MADS box genes involved in control of flowering time. Four variant sequences have been identified for this locus but have not been characterized for differences in expression pattern and/or function.
NAC domain containing protein 62;(source:Araport11)
TAIR Curator Summary:
Transcription factor that serves as a molecular link between cold signals and pathogen resistance responses. Undergoes proteolytic processing triggered by cold-induced changes in membrane fluidity.It relocates from the plasma membrane to the nucleus in response to ER stress. NAC062 is phosphorylated by SnRK2.8 at Thr-142.
FORMS APLOID AND BINUCLEATE CELLS 1A;(source:Araport11)
TAIR Curator Summary:
Encodes a protein that is predicted to act as a phosphatidylinositol-3P 5-kinase, but, because it lacks a FYVE domain, it is unlikely to be efficiently targeted to membranes containing the porposed phosphatidylinositol-3P substrate. Therefore, its molecular function remains unknown. The mRNA is cell-to-cell mobile.
FORMS APLOID AND BINUCLEATE CELLS 1C;(source:Araport11)
TAIR Curator Summary:
Encodes a protein that is predicted to act as a phosphatidylinositol-3P 5-kinase, but, because it lacks a FYVE domain, it is unlikely to be efficiently targeted to membranes containing the proposed phosphatidylinositol-3P substrate. Therefore, its molecular function remains unknown. The mRNA is cell-to-cell mobile.
Encodes a transcriptional regulator that directly binds to the promoter of MYB108 and plays a crucial role in anther dehiscence, pollen wall pattern formation, tapetum development, and auxin signal transduction in anthers. It is post-transcriptionally regulated by miR160 and regulates early auxin response genes.
Encodes succinate dehydrogenase assembly factor 2 (SDHAF2), a low abundance mitochondrial protein needed for assembly and activity of mitochondrial complex II and for normal root elongation.Sdhaf2 knockdown line showed lowered SDH1 protein abundance, lowered maximal SDH activity and less protein-bound FAD at the molecular mass of SDH1.
Member of the intrinsically disordered protein family, interacts with different protein partners forming complexes involved in diverse biological mechanisms such as DNA repair, regulation of protein homeostasis, mRNA export. Role in the post-translational protein modification named DSSylation. Involved in molecular mechanisms underlying plant abiotic stress responses.
AUX/IAA transcriptional regulator family protein;(source:Araport11)
TAIR Curator Summary:
Transcription regulator acting as repressor of auxin-inducible gene expression. Auxin-inducible AUX/IAA gene. Short-lived nuclear protein with four conserved domains. Domain III has homology to beta alpha alpha dimerization and DNA binding domains. Involved in auxin signaling and is a positive modulator of natural leaf senescence. Auxin induces the degradation of the protein in a dosage-dependent manner in a process mediated by AtRac1. Auxin induced the relocalization of the protein within the nucleus from a diffused nucleoplasmic pattern to a discrete particulated pattern named nuclear protein bodies or NPB in a process also mediated by Rac1. Colocalizes with SCF, CSN and 26S proteasome components.
Encodes a protein with homology to members of the dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (DFR) superfamily. The expression pattern of AtCRL1 indicates that CRL1 has a role in embryogenesis and seed germination. AtCRL1 is induced by ABA, drought and heat, and is highly expressed in seeds. The mRNA is cell-to-cell mobile.
Encodes a MYB-like transcription factor similar to CIRCADIAN CLOCK-ASSOCIATED1 (CCA1) and ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY). Involved in the regulation of circadian clock by modulating the pattern of histone 3 (H3) acetylation. Functions as a transcriptional activator of evening element containing clock genes. Involved in heat shock response.
Encodes a protein containing a UND, a U-box, and an ARM domain. This protein has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity based on in vitro assays. Can be phosphorylated in vitro by MLPK, ARK1, and ARK2 but not by SD1-29. Involved in ubiquitination of pattern recognition receptor FLS2.
SAUR-like auxin-responsive protein family;(source:Araport11)
TAIR Curator Summary:
Encodes a clade III SAUR gene with a distinctive expression pattern in root meristems. It is normally expressed in the quiescent center and cortex/endodermis initials and upon auxin stimulation, the expression is found in the endodermal layer. Overexpression studies suggest roles in cell expansion and auxin transport.
encodes a homologue of the yeast (S. pombe) Mis12 (minichromosome instability) protein. MIS12 co-localizes with 180 bp repeats of centromeric DNA throughout the cell cycle with a similar pattern to AtCENH3/HTR12. Neither of these two proteins completely cover the 180 bp regions based on FISH analysis.
PR1 gene expression is induced in response to a variety of pathogens. It is a useful molecular marker for the SAR response. Though the Genbank record for the cDNA associated to this gene is called 'PR-1-like', the sequence actually corresponds to PR1. Expression of this gene is salicylic-acid responsive.
J domain protein localized in ER lumen. Can partially compensate for the growth defect in jem1 scj1 mutant yeast. Forms a complex SDF2-ERdj3B-BiP that is required for the proper accumulation of the surface-exposed leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases EFR. EFR is involved in PAMP (pathogen associated molecular patterns) triggered immunity.
encodes the beta subunit of the chloroplast chaperonin 60, a homologue of bacterial GroEL. Mutants in this gene develops lesions on its leaves, expresses systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and develops accelerated cell death to heat shock stress. The protein has molecular chaperone activity for suppressing protein aggregation in vitro.
photosystem II reaction center protein H;(source:Araport11)
TAIR Curator Summary:
Encodes a 8 kD phosphoprotein that is a component of the photosystem II oxygen evolving core. Its exact molecular function has not been determined but it may play a role in mediating electron transfer between the secondary quinone acceptors, QA and QB, associated with the acceptor side of PSII.
Rho GTPase activating protein with PAK-box/P21-Rho-binding domain-containing protein;(source:Araport11)
TAIR Curator Summary:
ROP (Rho of plant GTPases) family member Involved in cell wall patterning. Encodes ROP inactivator, regulates the formation of ROP-activated domains; these in turn determined the pattern of cell wall pits. Positively regulates pit formation, but negatively regulates pit size, required for periodic formation of secondary cell wall pits.
TAIR Short Description:
Rho GTPase activating protein with PAK-box/P21-Rho-binding domain
ROP (Rho of plant GTPases) family member Involved in cell wall patterning. Encodes ROP inactivator, regulates the formation of ROP-activated domains; these in turn determined the pattern of cell wall pits. Positively regulates pit formation, but negatively regulates pit size, required for periodic formation of secondary cell wall pits.
RNA polymerase II transcription mediator;(source:Araport11)
TAIR Curator Summary:
Encodes the Arabidopsis homolog of the transcriptional regulator MED12, is dynamically expressed during embryogenesis and regulates both developmental timing and the radial pattern formation. Involved in flowering time. The mutant enhances the expression of the flowering time (FT) gene. A knockout mutant of this gene showed late-flowering phenotype.
Leucine-rich receptor-like protein kinase family protein;(source:Araport11)
TAIR Curator Summary:
Encodes a CLAVATA1-related receptor kinase-like protein required for both shoot and flower meristem function. It has a broad expression pattern and is involved in vascular strand development in the leaf, control of leaf shape, size and symmetry, male gametophyte development and ovule specification and function. The mRNA is cell-to-cell mobile.
TAIR Short Description:
Leucine-rich receptor-like protein kinase family protein