NASCArrays Information at The BAR

Welcome to NASCArrays information at the BAR. This page hosts meta-information from the NASCArrays service (2002-2013). This information was parsed from text files available on the NASCArrays site. NASCArrays data is on iPlant server. To download experiment data from iPlant, please click on the experiment number. To download the CEL files, please click on the ftp link.

Experiment:437
Title:Systemic responses to Pseudomonas syringae infection
Date:2009-05-15
Description:We used three different strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 to investigate systemic responses to infection in Arabidopsis and the development of SAR. Wildtype DC3000, the hrpA mutant and DC3000 carrying the avirulence gene avrRpm1 were syringe infiltrated into 4 week old plants at a concentration of 10e8 cfu/ml. At least 5 leaves per plant were infiltrated and at least 10 plants were pooled for each sample. Systemic, uninfected tissue was then harvested at 8, 12 and 21h after inoculation. Three independent experiments were carried out to give three biological replicates for each timepoint.
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Slide Information:
Slide IDSlide NameGenetic BackgroundTissueStock CodeCel File
Truman_2-10_8h-hrpA_Rep2_ATH121209 N1688Trueman_2-10_8h-hrpA_Rep2_ATH1.CEL
Treatment: Leaves were inoculated with Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000::hrpA- mutant. DC3000::hrpA- cultures were grown overnight in 10 ml of Kings B solution (King et al., 1954) supplemented with antibiotics. Plants were inoculated with DC3000::hrpA- containing the empty vector plasmid pVSP61 (Innes et al., 1993) Antibiotics rifampicin(50 lg ml)1) and kanamycin (25 lg ml)1) were used for selection of the bacterium and plasmid, respectively. Overnight cultures were washed once in 10 mM MgCl2 and final cell densities were adjusted to OD600 0.2. Both sides of a leaf were infiltrated on their abaxial surface with a needleless 1ml syringe. At least 5 leaves per plant were inoculated.
Truman_2-11_8h-DC3000_Rep2_ATH121210 N1688Trueman_2-11_8h-DC3000_Rep2_ATH1.CEL
Treatment: Leaves were inoculated with virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000. DC3000 cultures were grown overnight in 10 ml of Kings B solution (King et al., 1954) supplemented with antibiotics. Plants were inoculated with DC3000 containing the empty vector plasmid pVSP61 (Innes et al., 1993) Antibiotics rifampicin(50 lg ml)1) and kanamycin (25 lg ml)1) were used for selection of the bacterium and plasmid, respectively. Overnight cultures were washed once in 10 mM MgCl2 and final cell densities were adjusted to OD600 0.2. Both sides of a leaf were infiltrated on their abaxial surface with a needleless 1ml syringe. At least 5 leaves per plant were inoculated and 16 plants were pooled to make this sample.
Truman_2-12_8h-avrRpm1_Rep2_ATH121211 N1688Trueman_2-12_8h-avrRpm1_Rep2_ATH1.CEL
Treatment: Leaves were inoculated with avirulent Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000(avrRpm1). DC3000(avrRpm1) cultures were grown overnight in 10 ml of Kings B solution (King et al., 1954) supplemented with antibiotics. Plants were inoculated with DC3000 containing the vector plasmid pVSP61 (Innes et al., 1993) carrying the avirulence gene avrRpm1. Antibiotics rifampicin(50 lg ml)1) and kanamycin (25 lg ml)1) were used for selection of the bacterium and plasmid, respectively. Overnight cultures were washed once in 10 mM MgCl2 and final cell densities were adjusted to OD600 0.2. Both sides of a leaf were infiltrated on their abaxial surface with a needleless 1ml syringe. At least 5 leaves per plant were inoculated and 16 plants were pooled to make this sample.
Truman_2-13_12h-hrpA_Rep2_ATH121212 N1688Trueman_2-13_12h-hrpA_Rep2_ATH1.CEL
Treatment: Leaves were inoculated with Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000::hrpA- mutant. DC3000::hrpA- cultures were grown overnight in 10 ml of Kings B solution (King et al., 1954) supplemented with antibiotics. Plants were inoculated with DC3000::hrpA- containing the empty vector plasmid pVSP61 (Innes et al., 1993) Antibiotics rifampicin(50 lg ml)1) and kanamycin (25 lg ml)1) were used for selection of the bacterium and plasmid, respectively. Overnight cultures were washed once in 10 mM MgCl2 and final cell densities were adjusted to OD600 0.2. Both sides of a leaf were infiltrated on their abaxial surface with a needleless 1ml syringe. At least 5 leaves per plant were inoculated and 16 plants were pooled to make this sample.
Truman_2-14_12h-DC3000_Rep2_ATH121213 N1688Trueman_2-14_12h-DC3000_Rep2_ATH1.CEL
Treatment: Leaves were inoculated with virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000. DC3000 cultures were grown overnight in 10 ml of Kings B solution (King et al., 1954) supplemented with antibiotics. Plants were inoculated with DC3000 containing the empty vector plasmid pVSP61 (Innes et al., 1993) Antibiotics rifampicin(50 lg ml)1) and kanamycin (25 lg ml)1) were used for selection of the bacterium and plasmid, respectively. Overnight cultures were washed once in 10 mM MgCl2 and final cell densities were adjusted to OD600 0.2. Both sides of a leaf were infiltrated on their abaxial surface with a needleless 1ml syringe. At least 5 leaves per plant were inoculated and 16 plants were pooled to make this sample.
Truman_2-15_12h-avrRpm1_Rep2_ATH121214 N1688Trueman_2-15_12h-avr_Rpm1_Rep2_ATH1.CEL
Treatment: Leaves were inoculated with avirulent Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000(avrRpm1). DC3000(avrRpm1) cultures were grown overnight in 10 ml of Kings B solution (King et al., 1954) supplemented with antibiotics. Plants were inoculated with DC3000 containing the vector plasmid pVSP61 (Innes et al., 1993) carrying the avirulence gene avrRpm1. Antibiotics rifampicin (50 g ml)1) and kanamycin (25 g ml)1) were used for selection of the bacterium and plasmid, respectively. Overnight cultures were washed once in 10 mM MgCl2 and final cell densities were adjusted to OD600 0.2. Both sides of a leaf were infiltrated on their abaxial surface with a needleless 1ml syringe. At least 5 leaves per plant were inoculated and 16 plants were pooled to make this sample.
Truman_2-16_21h-hrpA_Rep2_ATH121215 N1688Trueman_2-16_21h-hrpA_Rep2_ATH1.CEL
Treatment: Leaves were inoculated with Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000::hrpA- mutant. DC3000::hrpA- cultures were grown overnight in 10 ml of Kings B solution (King et al., 1954) supplemented with antibiotics. Plants were inoculated with DC3000::hrpA- containing the empty vector plasmid pVSP61 (Innes et al., 1993) Antibiotics rifampicin(50 g ml)1) and kanamycin (25 g ml)1) were used for selection of the bacterium and plasmid, respectively. Overnight cultures were washed once in 10 mM MgCl2 and final cell densities were adjusted to OD600 0.2. Both sides of a leaf were infiltrated on their abaxial surface with a needleless 1ml syringe. At least 5 leaves per plant were inoculated and 16 plants were pooled to make this sample.
Truman_2-17_21h-DC3000_Rep2_ATH121216 N1688Trueman_2-17_21h-DC3000_Rep2_ATH1.CEL
Treatment: Leaves were inoculated with virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000. DC3000 cultures were grown overnight in 10 ml of Kings B solution (King et al., 1954) supplemented with antibiotics. Plants were inoculated with DC3000 containing the empty vector plasmid pVSP61 (Innes et al., 1993) Antibiotics rifampicin (50 g ml)1) and kanamycin (25 g ml)1) were used for selection of the bacterium and plasmid, respectively. Overnight cultures were washed once in 10 mM MgCl2 and final cell densities were adjusted to OD600 0.2. Both sides of a leaf were infiltrated on their abaxial surface with a needleless 1ml syringe. At least 5 leaves per plant were inoculated and 16 plants were pooled to make this sample.
Truman_2-18_21h-avrRpm1_Rep2_ATH121217 N1688Trueman_2-18_21h-avrRpm1_Rep2_ATH1.CEL
Treatment: Leaves were inoculated with avirulent Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000(avrRpm1). DC3000(avrRpm1) cultures were grown overnight in 10 ml of Kings B solution (King et al., 1954) supplemented with antibiotics. Plants were inoculated with DC3000 containing the vector plasmid pVSP61 (Innes et al., 1993) carrying the avirulence gene avrRpm1. Antibiotics rifampicin (50 g ml)1) and kanamycin (25 g ml)1) were used for selection of the bacterium and plasmid, respectively. Overnight cultures were washed once in 10 mM MgCl2 and final cell densities were adjusted to OD600 0.2. Both sides of a leaf were infiltrated on their abaxial surface with a needleless 1ml syringe. At least 5 leaves per plant were inoculated and 16 plants were pooled to make this sample.
Truman_2-19_8h-hrpA_Rep3_ATH121218 N1688Trueman_2-19_8h-hrpA_Rep3_ATH1.CEL
Treatment: Leaves were inoculated with Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000::hrpA- mutant. DC3000::hrpA- cultures were grown overnight in 10 ml of Kings B solution (King et al., 1954) supplemented with antibiotics. Plants were inoculated with DC3000::hrpA- containing the empty vector plasmid pVSP61 (Innes et al., 1993) Antibiotics rifampicin(50 lg ml)1) and kanamycin (25 lg ml)1) were used for selection of the bacterium and plasmid, respectively. Overnight cultures were washed once in 10 mM MgCl2 and final cell densities were adjusted to OD600 0.2. Both sides of a leaf were infiltrated on their abaxial surface with a needleless 1ml syringe. At least 5 leaves per plant were inoculated.
Truman_2-1_8h-hrpA_Rep1_ATH121200leave N1688Trueman_2-1_8h-hrpA_Rep1_ATH1.CEL
Treatment: Leaves were inoculated with Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000::hrpA- mutant. DC3000::hrpA- cultures were grown overnight in 10 ml of Kings B solution (King et al., 1954) supplemented with antibiotics. Plants were inoculated with DC3000::hrpA- containing the empty vector plasmid pVSP61 (Innes et al., 1993) Antibiotics rifampicin(50 lg ml)1) and kanamycin (25 lg ml)1) were used for selection of the bacterium and plasmid, respectively. Overnight cultures were washed once in 10 mM MgCl2 and final cell densities were adjusted to OD600 0.2. Both sides of a leaf were infiltrated on their abaxial surface with a needleless 1ml syringe. At least 5 leaves per plant were inoculated.
Truman_2-20_8h-DC3000_Rep3_ATH121219 N1688Trueman_2-20_8h-DC3000_Rep3_ATH1.CEL
Treatment: Leaves were inoculated with virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000. DC3000 cultures were grown overnight in 10 ml of Kings B solution (King et al., 1954) supplemented with antibiotics. Plants were inoculated with DC3000 containing the empty vector plasmid pVSP61 (Innes et al., 1993) Antibiotics rifampicin(50 lg ml)1) and kanamycin (25 lg ml)1) were used for selection of the bacterium and plasmid, respectively. Overnight cultures were washed once in 10 mM MgCl2 and final cell densities were adjusted to OD600 0.2. Both sides of a leaf were infiltrated on their abaxial surface with a needleless 1ml syringe. At least 5 leaves per plant were inoculated and 16 plants were pooled to make this sample.
Truman_2-21_8h-avrRpm1_Rep3_ATH121220 N1688Trueman_2-21_8h-avrRpm1_Rep3_ATH1.CEL
Treatment: Leaves were inoculated with avirulent Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000(avrRpm1). DC3000(avrRpm1) cultures were grown overnight in 10 ml of Kings B solution (King et al., 1954) supplemented with antibiotics. Plants were inoculated with DC3000 containing the vector plasmid pVSP61 (Innes et al., 1993) carrying the avirulence gene avrRpm1. Antibiotics rifampicin(50 lg ml)1) and kanamycin (25 lg ml)1) were used for selection of the bacterium and plasmid, respectively. Overnight cultures were washed once in 10 mM MgCl2 and final cell densities were adjusted to OD600 0.2. Both sides of a leaf were infiltrated on their abaxial surface with a needleless 1ml syringe. At least 5 leaves per plant were inoculated and 16 plants were pooled to make this sample.
Truman_2-22_12h-hrpA_Rep3_ATH121221 N1688Trueman_2-22_12h-hrpA_Rep3_ATH1.CEL
Treatment: Leaves were inoculated with Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000::hrpA- mutant. DC3000::hrpA- cultures were grown overnight in 10 ml of Kings B solution (King et al., 1954) supplemented with antibiotics. Plants were inoculated with DC3000::hrpA- containing the empty vector plasmid pVSP61 (Innes et al., 1993) Antibiotics rifampicin(50 lg ml)1) and kanamycin (25 lg ml)1) were used for selection of the bacterium and plasmid, respectively. Overnight cultures were washed once in 10 mM MgCl2 and final cell densities were adjusted to OD600 0.2. Both sides of a leaf were infiltrated on their abaxial surface with a needleless 1ml syringe. At least 5 leaves per plant were inoculated and 16 plants were pooled to make this sample.
Truman_2-23_12h-DC3000_Rep3_ATH121222 N1688Trueman_2-23_12h-DC3000_Rep3_ATH1.CEL
Treatment: Leaves were inoculated with virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000. DC3000 cultures were grown overnight in 10 ml of Kings B solution (King et al., 1954) supplemented with antibiotics. Plants were inoculated with DC3000 containing the empty vector plasmid pVSP61 (Innes et al., 1993) Antibiotics rifampicin(50 lg ml)1) and kanamycin (25 lg ml)1) were used for selection of the bacterium and plasmid, respectively. Overnight cultures were washed once in 10 mM MgCl2 and final cell densities were adjusted to OD600 0.2. Both sides of a leaf were infiltrated on their abaxial surface with a needleless 1ml syringe. At least 5 leaves per plant were inoculated and 16 plants were pooled to make this sample.
Truman_2-24_12h-avrRpm1_Rep3_ATH121223 N1688Trueman_2-24_12h-avrRpm1_Rep3_ATH1.CEL
Treatment: Leaves were inoculated with avirulent Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000(avrRpm1). DC3000(avrRpm1) cultures were grown overnight in 10 ml of Kings B solution (King et al., 1954) supplemented with antibiotics. Plants were inoculated with DC3000 containing the vector plasmid pVSP61 (Innes et al., 1993) carrying the avirulence gene avrRpm1. Antibiotics rifampicin (50 g ml)1) and kanamycin (25 g ml)1) were used for selection of the bacterium and plasmid, respectively. Overnight cultures were washed once in 10 mM MgCl2 and final cell densities were adjusted to OD600 0.2. Both sides of a leaf were infiltrated on their abaxial surface with a needleless 1ml syringe. At least 5 leaves per plant were inoculated and 16 plants were pooled to make this sample.
Truman_2-25_21h-hrpA_Rep3_ATH121224 N1688Trueman_2-25_21h-hrpA_Rep3_ATH1.CEL
Treatment: Leaves were inoculated with Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000::hrpA- mutant. DC3000::hrpA- cultures were grown overnight in 10 ml of Kings B solution (King et al., 1954) supplemented with antibiotics. Plants were inoculated with DC3000::hrpA- containing the empty vector plasmid pVSP61 (Innes et al., 1993) Antibiotics rifampicin(50 g ml)1) and kanamycin (25 g ml)1) were used for selection of the bacterium and plasmid, respectively. Overnight cultures were washed once in 10 mM MgCl2 and final cell densities were adjusted to OD600 0.2. Both sides of a leaf were infiltrated on their abaxial surface with a needleless 1ml syringe. At least 5 leaves per plant were inoculated and 16 plants were pooled to make this sample.
Truman_2-26_21h-DC3000_Rep3_ATH121225 N1688Trueman_2-26_21h-CD3000_Rep3_ATH1.CEL
Treatment: Leaves were inoculated with virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000. DC3000 cultures were grown overnight in 10 ml of Kings B solution (King et al., 1954) supplemented with antibiotics. Plants were inoculated with DC3000 containing the empty vector plasmid pVSP61 (Innes et al., 1993) Antibiotics rifampicin (50 g ml)1) and kanamycin (25 g ml)1) were used for selection of the bacterium and plasmid, respectively. Overnight cultures were washed once in 10 mM MgCl2 and final cell densities were adjusted to OD600 0.2. Both sides of a leaf were infiltrated on their abaxial surface with a needleless 1ml syringe. At least 5 leaves per plant were inoculated and 16 plants were pooled to make this sample.
Truman_2-27_21h-avrRpm1_Rep3_ATH121226 N1688Trueman_2-27_21h-avrRpm1_Rep3_ATH1.CEL
Treatment: Leaves were inoculated with avirulent Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000(avrRpm1). DC3000(avrRpm1) cultures were grown overnight in 10 ml of Kings B solution (King et al., 1954) supplemented with antibiotics. Plants were inoculated with DC3000 containing the vector plasmid pVSP61 (Innes et al., 1993) carrying the avirulence gene avrRpm1. Antibiotics rifampicin (50 g ml)1) and kanamycin (25 g ml)1) were used for selection of the bacterium and plasmid, respectively. Overnight cultures were washed once in 10 mM MgCl2 and final cell densities were adjusted to OD600 0.2. Both sides of a leaf were infiltrated on their abaxial surface with a needleless 1ml syringe. At least 5 leaves per plant were inoculated and 16 plants were pooled to make this sample.
Truman_2-2_8h-DC3000_Rep1_ATH121201 N1688Trueman_2-2_8h-DC3000_Rep1_ATH1.CEL
Treatment: Leaves were inoculated with virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000. DC3000 cultures were grown overnight in 10 ml of Kings B solution (King et al., 1954) supplemented with antibiotics. Plants were inoculated with DC3000 containing the empty vector plasmid pVSP61 (Innes et al., 1993) Antibiotics rifampicin(50 lg ml)1) and kanamycin (25 lg ml)1) were used for selection of the bacterium and plasmid, respectively. Overnight cultures were washed once in 10 mM MgCl2 and final cell densities were adjusted to OD600 0.2. Both sides of a leaf were infiltrated on their abaxial surface with a needleless 1ml syringe. At least 5 leaves per plant were inoculated and 16 plants were pooled to make this sample.
Truman_2-3_8h-avrRpm1_Rep1_ATH121202 N1688Trueman_2-3_8h-avrRpm1_Rep1_ATH1.CEL
Treatment: Leaves were inoculated with avirulent Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000(avrRpm1). DC3000(avrRpm1) cultures were grown overnight in 10 ml of Kings B solution (King et al., 1954) supplemented with antibiotics. Plants were inoculated with DC3000 containing the vector plasmid pVSP61 (Innes et al., 1993) carrying the avirulence gene avrRpm1. Antibiotics rifampicin(50 lg ml)1) and kanamycin (25 lg ml)1) were used for selection of the bacterium and plasmid, respectively. Overnight cultures were washed once in 10 mM MgCl2 and final cell densities were adjusted to OD600 0.2. Both sides of a leaf were infiltrated on their abaxial surface with a needleless 1ml syringe. At least 5 leaves per plant were inoculated and 16 plants were pooled to make this sample.
Truman_2-4_12h-hrpA_Rep1_ATH121203 N1688Trueman_2-4_12h-hrpA_Rep1_ATH1.CEL
Treatment: Leaves were inoculated with Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000::hrpA- mutant. DC3000::hrpA- cultures were grown overnight in 10 ml of Kings B solution (King et al., 1954) supplemented with antibiotics. Plants were inoculated with DC3000::hrpA- containing the empty vector plasmid pVSP61 (Innes et al., 1993) Antibiotics rifampicin(50 lg ml)1) and kanamycin (25 lg ml)1) were used for selection of the bacterium and plasmid, respectively. Overnight cultures were washed once in 10 mM MgCl2 and final cell densities were adjusted to OD600 0.2. Both sides of a leaf were infiltrated on their abaxial surface with a needleless 1ml syringe. At least 5 leaves per plant were inoculated and 16 plants were pooled to make this sample.
Truman_2-5_12h-DC3000_Rep1_ATH121204 N1688Trueman_2-5_12h-DC3000_Rep1_ATH1.CEL
Treatment: Leaves were inoculated with virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000. DC3000 cultures were grown overnight in 10 ml of Kings B solution (King et al., 1954) supplemented with antibiotics. Plants were inoculated with DC3000 containing the empty vector plasmid pVSP61 (Innes et al., 1993) Antibiotics rifampicin(50 lg ml)1) and kanamycin (25 lg ml)1) were used for selection of the bacterium and plasmid, respectively. Overnight cultures were washed once in 10 mM MgCl2 and final cell densities were adjusted to OD600 0.2. Both sides of a leaf were infiltrated on their abaxial surface with a needleless 1ml syringe. At least 5 leaves per plant were inoculated and 16 plants were pooled to make this sample.
Truman_2-6_12h-avrRpm1_Rep1_ATH121205 N1688Trueman_2-6_12h-avrRpm1_Rep1_ATH1.CEL
Treatment: Leaves were inoculated with avirulent Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000(avrRpm1). DC3000(avrRpm1) cultures were grown overnight in 10 ml of Kings B solution (King et al., 1954) supplemented with antibiotics. Plants were inoculated with DC3000 containing the vector plasmid pVSP61 (Innes et al., 1993) carrying the avirulence gene avrRpm1. Antibiotics rifampicin (50 g ml)1) and kanamycin (25 g ml)1) were used for selection of the bacterium and plasmid, respectively. Overnight cultures were washed once in 10 mM MgCl2 and final cell densities were adjusted to OD600 0.2. Both sides of a leaf were infiltrated on their abaxial surface with a needleless 1ml syringe. At least 5 leaves per plant were inoculated and 16 plants were pooled to make this sample.
Truman_2-7_21h-hrpA_Rep1_ATH121206 N1688Trueman_2-7_21h-hrpA_Rep1_ATH1.CEL
Treatment: Leaves were inoculated with Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000::hrpA- mutant. DC3000::hrpA- cultures were grown overnight in 10 ml of Kings B solution (King et al., 1954) supplemented with antibiotics. Plants were inoculated with DC3000::hrpA- containing the empty vector plasmid pVSP61 (Innes et al., 1993) Antibiotics rifampicin(50 g ml)1) and kanamycin (25 g ml)1) were used for selection of the bacterium and plasmid, respectively. Overnight cultures were washed once in 10 mM MgCl2 and final cell densities were adjusted to OD600 0.2. Both sides of a leaf were infiltrated on their abaxial surface with a needleless 1ml syringe. At least 5 leaves per plant were inoculated and 16 plants were pooled to make this sample.
Truman_2-8_21h-DC3000_Rep1_ATH121207 N1688Trueman_2-8_21h-DC3000_Rep1_ATH1.CEL
Treatment: Leaves were inoculated with virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000. DC3000 cultures were grown overnight in 10 ml of Kings B solution (King et al., 1954) supplemented with antibiotics. Plants were inoculated with DC3000 containing the empty vector plasmid pVSP61 (Innes et al., 1993) Antibiotics rifampicin (50 g ml)1) and kanamycin (25 g ml)1) were used for selection of the bacterium and plasmid, respectively. Overnight cultures were washed once in 10 mM MgCl2 and final cell densities were adjusted to OD600 0.2. Both sides of a leaf were infiltrated on their abaxial surface with a needleless 1ml syringe. At least 5 leaves per plant were inoculated and 16 plants were pooled to make this sample.
Truman_2-9_21h-avrRpm1_Rep1_ATH121208 N1688Trueman_2-9_21h-avrRpm1_Rep1_ATH1.CEL
Treatment: Leaves were inoculated with avirulent Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000(avrRpm1). DC3000(avrRpm1) cultures were grown overnight in 10 ml of Kings B solution (King et al., 1954) supplemented with antibiotics. Plants were inoculated with DC3000 containing the vector plasmid pVSP61 (Innes et al., 1993) carrying the avirulence gene avrRpm1. Antibiotics rifampicin (50 g ml)1) and kanamycin (25 g ml)1) were used for selection of the bacterium and plasmid, respectively. Overnight cultures were washed once in 10 mM MgCl2 and final cell densities were adjusted to OD600 0.2. Both sides of a leaf were infiltrated on their abaxial surface with a needleless 1ml syringe. At least 5 leaves per plant were inoculated and 16 plants were pooled to make this sample.