Description: | G proteins are universal molecular switches in eukaryotic signal transduction. Two classes of signaling G proteins are known: heterotrimeric G proteins and monomeric RAS superfamily of small GTPases. Animals possess a large number of trimeric G proteins and some RAS GTPases including Ras, Rho, Cdc42 and Rac. In contrast, plants have only one trimeric G protein and appear not to have these GTPase homologs. Instead, plants possess a unique Rac-related subfamily termed Rop. Rop is encoded by a large gene family composed of at least 11 members in Arabidopsis. Our transgenic studies have demonstrated their roles in the regulation of many important processes, including pollen tube tip growth, cell morphogenesis, leaf epidermal and vascular differentiaion, light or hormone-mediated development, and defense responses. |